Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Dengue fever df is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes aegypti mosquitoes with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia and asiapacific regions of the world health organization who. Disease burden of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever 3. Feinberg, in clinical immunology fourth edition, 20. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a rare but more severe form of dengue infection that can be fatal if not recognized and treated with supportive care. An outbreak of dengue fever occurred in delhi after monsoon season in 20. Ongoing outbreak of dengue serotype3 in solomon islands, january to may 20 outbreak investigation report francisco nogareda, a cynthia joshua, bc alison sio, b matthew shortus, c tenneth dalipanda, b kara durski, c jennie musto, c elliot puiahi, d alfred dofai, d john aaskov, e van mai caolormeau, f didier musso, f nick dutta, c juliet fleisch c and eric nilles a. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for dengue during the 20 outbreak in punjab, pakistan, so as to help prevent future outbreaks. Dengue is a major public health problem in the tropics and. Alternating decision trees for early diagnosis of dengue fever m. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonality and association with climate factors temperature and precipitation on the incidences of df in four provinces where the highest incidence rates were observed from 1994 to 20 in vietnam. This live vaccine, which covers all four dengue subtypes, is given to people ages 9 to 45. Usually thrombocytopenia resolves and platelet count normalises by day 10 of fever. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Because the types of mosquitoes that spread dengue are common throughout many areas of the united states, local. Dengue virus was detected in 71% samples with highest number of patients infected by denv2 86% followed by denv1 19 % and denv3 8%. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that.
Benjamin rush, a physician and signatory of the us declaration of independence, described a disease resembling dengue fever in philadelphia during 1780. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a more severe form of the disease and includes a fever that lasts from 2 to 7 days. Most outbreaks in the united states have been relatively small and limited to small areas. These mosquitoes are not native to california, but infestations have been identified in multiple counties in california pdf. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash.
The presence of fever, itchy rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue. Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Df is a febrile disease that affects infants, children, and adults, with symptoms appearing 314 d after the infective bite. Genomic epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in.
In the western hemisphere, the aedes aegypti mosquito is the most important transmitter or vector of dengue. In the united states, local dengue outbreaks most recently occurred in hawaii 2015, florida pdf icon pdf 6 pages external icon 20, and texas 20. Potential impacts of climate change on dengue fever. Mild dengue symptoms include fever, headache, pain in the eyes, muscle and joint pain, nausea and vomiting. Denv is presently the most common cause of arboviral disease globally, and all four serotypes of. In the 20 dengue outbreak in singapore, a significant rise in the number of dengue fever cases was reported in singapore. Jun 28, 2019 there is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection.
It is an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes lymphadenopathy, and rash. Background in august 20, a cluster of three locallyacquired cases of dengue fever was confirmed by the florida department of health. Information about dengue disease burden, its prevalence and incidence and geographic distribution is necessary to guide in planning appropriate control measures including the dengue vaccine that has recently been licensed in a few countries. Dengue fever vaccine the first dengue vaccine, dengvaxia, was made available in mexico in december 2015. An outbreak of dengue fever occurred in delhi, india after rainy season in the year 20. Dengue fever is a viral infection spread by mosquitos. Clinical practice guidelines of denguedengue hemorrhagic. In november 2009, the world health organization who issued a new guideline that classifies symptomatic cases as dengue or severe dengue. The global distribution and burden of dengue nature. Incidence rates per 100,000 were calculated on a monthly basis. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by infected mosquitoes. This disease occurs primarily in the equatorial regions of africa, the americas, south east asia, and the western pacific. Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Mar 20, 2017 in vietnam, dengue fever df is still a leading cause of hospitalization.
Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. Who fact sheet dengue and severe dengue provides key facts. Dengue fever virus is a mosquitoborne flavivirus the virus family that includes japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus yfvfor which successful vaccines exist. Approximately 90% of these cases are in children aged less than 5. Methods between oct 4 and nov 23, 2014, we conducted a descriptive study followed by a case control study to identify the risk factors for spread of dengue fever. Persistent thrombocytopenia is not a feature of dengue fever. Pdf this study was conducted to evaluate the incidence outbreak of dengue fever in district swat to study the epidemiology and clinical. Asymptomatic dengue virus infections, cambodia, 2012 20. Top ten countries of travel for dengue fever cases in england, wales and northern ireland. Dengue begins abruptly after an incubation period of 57 days range, 310 days, and the course follows 3 phases.
Mosquitos that carry the dengue virus are most common in areas of the world with tropical and subtropical climates. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that has caused. As such, a severe dengue outbreak appeared in pakistan in 2011, particularly in punjab province with lahore as the most hit city 290 deaths. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related. Dengue virus is endemic in a substantial portion of tropical and subtropical areas and causes febrile disease as well. Direct platelet destruction by dengue virus, immunemediated platelet destruction and even megakaryocytic. Thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations are consistent features of dengue fever. Martin county dengue outbreak and serosurvey martin county. In europe, dengue is second only to malaria as the febrile illness causing most hospitalization after. Dengue fever outbreaks were declared in burkina faso in 20, 2015 ridde et al. Dengue is a viral illness spread through mosquito bites. Apr 23, 2020 dengue situation update number 593 4 southern hemisphere australia as of 23 april 2020, a total of 174 dengue cases have been reported since the beginning of 2020 in australia, which is lower compared to the same period in 2018 and 2019 figure 8. Currently, north queensland is the only area with the potential for indigenous epidemic dengue virus in australia.
This is a research proposal which is focused on the prevalence of dengue fever in dhaka city. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. Aedes albopictus reached the rhone department in 20 24. In the present study, we summarise the epidemiological, virological and entomological findings gathered through the dengue surveillance programme and highlight the drivers of the epidemic. This figure was far beyond the highest number of cases per week in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Dengue virus cannot be transmitted from person to person. Dengue definition, an infectious, eruptive fever of warm climates, usually epidemic, characterized especially by severe pains in the joints and muscles. Dengue in the us states and territories dengue cdc. We estimated dengue mortality, incidence, and burden by age, sex, and country, as estimated for the global burden of disease study 20.
Factors associated with spread of dengue fever in urban. Dengue fever in england, wales and northern ireland. Molecular investigation of 20 dengue fever outbreak from. Dengue activity in the continental usa between 1780 and 20. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an aedes mosquito. This asean dengue day is to increase public awareness of dengue, acknowledge that asean member states shoulder a large part of global burden of dengue, enhance regional collaboration on dengue and shared responsibil. Ongoing outbreak of dengue serotype3 in solomon islands. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. Pdf outbreak of dengue fever in ouagadougou, burkina faso, 20.
Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne virus disease that has rapidly spread to several regions in recent times. Corticosteroid responsive prolonged thrombocytopenia in a. In this study, we sequenced 114 complete genomes of denv14 from 20 to 2017 and it provided a huge support for the research of dengue fever in guangdong, china. Finally, if the study will conduct, it will help us to know the number of male and female patients of dengue fever of this year in the city and to know. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. The disease is often diagnosed incorrectly because the symptoms are similar to influenza and other viruses. All three people had been bitten by dengueinfected mosquitoes while in the rio neighborhood of martin county. Update on outbreaks in the eastern mediterranean region. Circulating serotypes of dengue virus and their incursion into non. Dengue is an acute febrile disease caused by the mosquitoborne dengue viruses denvs, consisting of four serotypes denv 1 to 4, that are members of the flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus. Epidemic resurgence of dengue fever in singapore in 202014. Department of health and human services centers for. Country of travel 20 2012 % change between 2012 and 20 thailand 100 59 69% india 81 75 8% barbados 51 1 5000% sri lanka 35 15 3% philippines 19 10 90%. Being the fastest spreading mosquitoborne disease in the world, dengue fever df distribution range has expanded remarkably and the case incidence has also multiplied 30fold since 1960s anez et al.
In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. Though most infected people dont get sick or have mild symptoms, dengue can also be a severe and sometimes fatal illness. Travelers can prevent dengue centers for disease control. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. All three people had been bitten by dengue infected mosquitoes while in the rio neighborhood of martin county. All four denv serotypes have emerged from sylvatic strains in the forests of southeast asia. Dengue is transmitted principally by aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito and aedes albopictus asian tiger mosquito. Jun 17, 2016 dengue resurged in singapore during 20 14, causing an outbreak with unprecedented number of cases in the country. In the week of 1622 june 20, there was a record of 842 dengue cases in singapore in a single week. Dengue bulleting vol 40 db world health organization. Most outbreaks in the united states have been relatively small and limited to small. The viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. A total of 661 cases of dengue fever were admitted in the years200320 in.
Pdf dengue fever in dhaka city sharmin rima academia. The highest df hospitalisation prevalence rate was observed in 20. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal. Laboratoryconfirmed dengue cases reported monthly in 202020. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss.
Skin bruises easily and blood vessels may leak, causing bleeding from the nose, mouth and gums. In 2014, an outbreak of dengue fever was identified in hawaii with other outbreaks in 20 in brownsville, texas and key west, fla. Pdf dengue outbreaks were first reported in east africa in the late 1970s to early 1980s including the 1982 outbreak on the kenyan coast. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. In the meantime, denv14 coexisted in guangdong province, especially in the pearl river delta area, and this was in agreement with earlier reports 26. We have investigated the outbreak by conducting dengue virus specific rtpcr on 378 suspected acute phase blood samples.
Alternating decision trees for early diagnosis of dengue fever. Dengue fever is a severe, flulike illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death. Martin county dengue outbreak and serosurvey martin. We also describe how the surveillance system facilitated the preparedness to moderate. Dengue virus specific rtpcr was carried out on 378 suspected blood samples that were collected during the outbreak. Dengue viruses were detected in 71% of the samples confirming that the fever outbreak was caused by dengue viruses. In the united states, local dengue outbreaks most recently occurred in hawaii 2015, florida. Dengue is thought to have been present in the usa since the end of the 18th century, when dr. The disease is limited primarily to the tropics and subtropics although occasionally, imported cases occur. A total of 323 serum samples were collected from suspected dengue fever cases during the month of maynovember 20. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you.
According to the who criteria, dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss were observed in 30. It is caused by a flavivirus the same genus as west nile and yellow fever viruses. Multiple serotypes circulated during the study period and dengue virus. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Proposed mechanisms behind thrombocytopenia are many. The global burden of disease study 20 was an effort to comprehensively and systematically estimate death and disability from 306 causes, producing estimates by year, age, sex, and country for 199020. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Dengue fever is currently the most prevalent mosquitoborne viral disease, especially in the americas and asia, caused by dengue virus denv. Seasonal patterns of dengue fever and associated climate. Pdf dengue outbreak in mombasa city, kenya, 202014. Dengue and severe dengue world health organization. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Update on the dengue situation in the western pacific region. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by any of the four dengue virus types denv1.
Author summary dengue fever, an extensively spread mosquitoborne disease, is endemic in more than 100 countries. Emerg infect dis 2019 published online jun 10 emerg infect dis 2019. Pdf dengue is currently regarded globally as the most important. Clinical evidence a clinically compatible illness e. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Nearly all dengue cases reported in the 48 contiguous us states were in travelers infected elsewhere. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Other countries approved its use in adults up to age 45 in endemic areas.
From 26 september 2012 to 3 march 20, the autonomous province of madeira, portugal, reported its first dengue outbreak dengue 1 virus. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Prevention is possible in children ages 916 with a labconfirmed previous dengue infection with a vaccine, dengvaxia, approved by the fda in the u. Local transmission was also reported in martin county in 20 29. Severe dengue fever is characterized by marked thrombocytopenia, severe hemorrhage, plasma leakage leading to shock or fluid accumulation with respiratory distress, and severe organ impairment. Around two fifths of the worlds population those in tropical and subtropical countries, or up to 2. Dengue fever vaccine, symptoms, treatment, prevention. Oct 02, 2014 dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
Confirmatory tests include viral antigen or nucleic acid detection and serology. No severe clinical forms were reported, and there were no fatalities. Fact sheet dengue eng whoeurope world health organization. Sep 15, 2015 the mortality rate for severe dengue fever is 0.
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